Before understanding the working principle of electric energy storage, it is necessary to understand several important components of the energy storage system.
The energy storage power station system can be divided into six main parts, namely renewable energy, energy transmission system, conversion system, storage system, management system, and network access system.
1、Renewable energyRenewable energy can provide renewable energy, such as wind power generators, solar arrays, and trend generators, which are renewable and have high energy conversion rates. These devices are beneficial for improving the economic efficiency of energy storage systems.
2、Energy transmission system
This is the connection between renewable energy and conversion systems. The energy transmission system is the most important part of the energy storage power station system, requiring high reliability. It is a critical bus between all devices in the energy storage system, which sends electrical energy to the conversion system.
3、Conversion system
This is the core part of the energy storage power station and its networking system, used to convert renewable energy or other external input electrical energy into electrical energy with specific voltage, and send it to the storage system or network access system according to different requirements. The key components of the conversion system mainly include transformers (changing voltage), converters, rectifiers (changing current), etc.
4、storage system
Including batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, supercapacitors, hydrogen storage and other energy storage devices, which can achieve the storage and output of electrical energy.
5、management system
It is the core component of energy storage system control and management, mainly used to monitor and detect the working status of various parts of renewable energy, conversion system, storage system, and network access system, and implement corresponding control measures to achieve the goals of energy conservation, power conservation, and safety control.
6、Network access system
This is an important component of energy storage systems, whose main function is to input the stored electrical energy into the grid. When the load demand is low, excess energy can be output to the grid, thereby achieving power balance.
The working mode of energy storage system
Batteries store electrical energy through electrochemical processes - converting electrical energy into chemical energy and converting it back into electrical energy when needed. The types include sodium sulfur batteries, metal air batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and lead-acid batteries. Lithium ion batteries, such as those used in mobile phones and laptops, are one of the fastest developing energy storage technologies due to their high energy density, high power, and high efficiency. At present, the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries can only provide short-term electricity, about 4 hours. Residential storage can last longer depending on the model, size, capacity, and needs of the household.
Batteries can be located at the generator, along transmission lines, or in distribution systems. They also have multiple end uses, such as commercial buildings, residential buildings, and electric vehicles. The progress of lithium-ion battery technology is mainly attributed to the continuously expanding electric vehicle (EV) industry.
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